Investigation One introduces students to the three layers of skin: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Through observation with a hand lens, students will discover the different textures and structures found on the skin. In addition, students will compare the skin with an orange to observe some of the protective functions of the skin.

In Investigation Two, students will continue their study of the skin through experimentation. Students will observe the effect that UV light has on a model of the epidermis and dermis. Students will perform simple tests to determine the differences between short-term and long-term sun damage. Their observations will enable them to realize that in many cases, the Sun can cause permanent damage to the skin that cannot be repaired.

During Investigation Three, students will begin their exploration of skin cancer. While performing several simple tests, students will observe their own skin and catalog moles found in different locations on their body. In addition, students will use models to compare and contrast normal and abnormal moles. Students will also begin to realize that an abnormal mole may be an early warning sign of skin cancer.

Investigation Four introduces the students to the concept of effectively minimizing their skin’s exposure to harmful UV light. Through observation and experimentation, students will determine that the level of the Sun’s intensity is different during the course of a day. Through the use of models, students will also learn simple steps they can take to decrease the amount of UV light that reaches their skin.

In Investigation Five, students will have an opportunity to investigate the effectiveness of three different numbers of SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, in sunscreen. Through simple testing, students will discern that no sunscreen completely blocks the Sun, but that sunscreen with SPF does decrease the amount of UV light that will reach the skin. By observing and experimenting, students will also come to the understanding that protection from UV light increases as the number of SPF in sunscreen increases.

Investigation Six consists of a performance assessment designed to evaluate students’ understanding of the science concepts addressed in the first five investigations of this CELL. During this hands-on laboratory exploration, students will test and evaluate sun protection choices for a person going on vacation to a tropical destination. In addition, students will develop a Sun Protection Plan for a person who has discovered an abnormal mole on their skin. The Sun Protection Plan will offer recommendation how to properly care for and protect skin from UV light.